Apparatus for burning oil



A. FISCHER.

APPARATUS FOR BURNING OIL. APPLICATION FILED JAN.24, 1912. RENEWED NOV. 13, 1919.

1,344,029. Patented June 22,1920.

622 tor:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

ADAL'BERT FISCHER, or. PHILADELPHIA, QPENNSQYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR r0 ALInN rnornn'rr CUSTODIAN.

ATPARATUS FOR BURNING: OIL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 22, 1920.

Application filed January 24, 1912, "Serial No. 678,287. Renewed November 13, 1919. Serial No. 337,887.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ADALBERT FIsoHnR, a subject of the German Emperor, residing at Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful-Improvements in Appa ratus for Burning Oil, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to an apparatus for burning oil which is sprayed or atomized by being discharged from a spray nozzle or other spraying device, and more particularly to apparatus of this kind having a spray nozzle by which the oil isdischarged in the form of a hollow cone. It is of great importance in oil firing that the air which is supplied for supporting combustion of the oil should mix with the sprayed oil as completely and intimately as possible; The object of the present invention is to secure the best possible mixing of the air with the sprayed oil, and also to utilize the available draft, especially in natural draft furnaces, to the fullest extent.

The density of the oil spray being greatest close to the nozzle and decreasing as the spray gets farther from the nozzle, the combustion supporting air can penetrateomore easily and mingle more completely and intimately with the oil in that portion of the spray farther from the nozzle and which is widely separated, than it portions near the nozzle. Also, the inner more rarefied and has the oilparticlesmore can in the denser zones of the spray cone or the portion nearest the nozzle, because of the greater density, present much greater resistance to the air than the outer zones where the spray is less dense. It is found that where the air is allowed to strike the inner zones as well as the outer zones of the spray cone, not only does a less perfect combus- 'tion' result, due to imperfect mixture of the air with the oil, than where the air is directed only to the outer zones of the spray cone, but also that there is more or less interference with the draft. This is probably due to the deflection ofthe air currents which strike the inner zones of the spray cone. It is especially important in furnaces operating with a natural draft to utilize to the best advantage the draft which is notconsumed in friction through the furnace, boiler the inner,

flues, up-take and chimney, mg, so far as possible, the draft, and by'causing the available draft to be used to the best advantage for securing the desired mixture of the air with the oil.

both by avoid- The desired results are secured in accord interference with In carrying the invention into practice, I

preferably 7 provide a plurality of shields arranged about the nozzle or other. spraying device, one or more of which are adjustable and which are adapted to cut off successive zones of the spray cone from access of the combustion supporting air.

A full understanding of the invention can best be glven by a detailed description of a simple form of apparatus embodying the various features of the invention in a preferred form, and such a description will now be given in connection with the accompanying drawings showing such an apparatus..

In said drawings:

F lgure 1 is a central sectional view of the apparatus,

1g. 2 is a similar View showing the movable shields'in operative position.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a suitable form of spray nozzle. Referring to the drawings: 10 represents a masonry or other fire wall of a furnace provlded with a spray opening 11 to receive the spray from a spray nozzle 12 of suitable form, but which is referably a centrifugal or otherspray nozz e adapted to discharge the spray in the form of a hollow cone as indlcated in Fig. 1 by the dotted lines a, as for example, a nozzle such as the nozzle of well known form shown in Fig. 3. A casing 13 mounted in position to register with the spray opening 11 is provided with air inlet openings 14, which are controlled to regulate the air admission by means of a controlling slide or register 15. Surrounding the nozzle is a cylindrical shield 20 which extends forward of the nozzle sufficiently so that its front edge will stand close to or near the surface of the spray when the apparatus is in operation. This shield will thus serve to prevent access of the air to an inner zone of the spray cone where the spray is of the greatest density. Mounted to slide on the cylindrical shield 20 and on each other are a series of three concentricalli'y arranged shields 21, 22 and 23, the shie 21 being mounted to slide on the shield 20, the shield 22 to slide on the shield 21, and shield 23 to slide on the shield 22. These sliding shields may be drawn back to the osition shown in Fig. 1, or may be pushed orward to the positions shown in Fig. 2, in which positions each of the shields 21, 22 and 23 cuts 05 from air access an additional zone of the spray cone. Instead of all three. of these sliding shields being in operative position, the inner shield 21 alone may be in operative position, while the shields 22 and 23 are drawn back away from the spray cone; or the shield 22 may also be in operative position'with the outer shield 23 only withdrawn. A stop 24 on the stationary shield 20 limits the forward movement of the shield 21, and the forward movement of the shield 22 relatively to the shield 21 and of the shield 23 relatively to the shield 22 is limited b similar stops 25. Stops 26 are also provi ed for limiting the rearward movement of the shield 23 relatively to the shield 22 and of the shield 23 relatively to the shield 21. The sliding shields may be operated by means of handles 30 extending from the outer shield 23, or other suitable operating means for moving the outer shield, so that all three sliding shields may be .moved forward into operating position I off by the shields.

through the movement given to the outer shield, and then the outer one or two may be drawn back if desired; or separate handles 30 or other operating means may be provided for moving each sliding shield independently of the others within the limits of its independent movement as permitted by the movement limiting stops.

In the apparatus shown, in which the in ner shield 20 is stationary, the inner zone' or densest portion of the spra 'c one will be always cut off from access ot the air, and one or more of the sliding shields will be set in the operative position shown in Fig. 2 ac cording to. the extent of the portion of the spray cone from which it is desired to cut off the air. Ingeneral, other conditions being equal, the greater the quantity of the oil being sprayed, the greater willv be the zone corresponding to a iven density of the spray, and from which t e air should be out So also with variations in the draft, the lighter the draft available' for carrying the air through the oil the greater the extent of the zone of the spray cone which should be cov- 'ered bythe shields; thisgfor the purposg 0? directing the air to the less dense portion the spray which are the more readily peneher about the spray cone to of a hollow cone, yet the invention may be applied to apparatus having other nozzles or other means for spraying the oil whether the oil is combined with steam or air or other fluid or not, and is useful in connection with the burning of oils of practically any character. It will. be understood also that the invention is not to be limited to the exact construction shown and to which the foregoing description has been mainl confined, but that it includes changes an modifications thereof within the claims.

What is claimed is a 1. In an apparatus for burnin oil, the combination with a. spray nozzle or spraying the oil in the form of a hollow cone, and means for supplyin air to the oil spray, of a shield mounted. to extend about and to be closely adjacent td the spray cone at its forward edge ,to prevent access of air to the inner zones of the spray cone and" to direct the air to an outer zone of the spray cone which is beyond the end of the shield, said shield being of sufiicient extent to prevent access of air to the inner portion of the spray cone wher the spray is of such density as to deflect thd air current and substantially prevent the air from entering the spray, whereb the air will be caused to strike the portions of the spray cone which.

means for supplying air to said chamber, a

spray nozzle for spraying the oil .in the form of a hollow cone mounted to discharge the same into said air chamber and outward through said spray opening, and a shield mounted'to extend-into the air chamrevent access of air to the inner zones of t e spray cone and to direct the air to an outer zone of. the spray cone between the end of the shield and said spray opening, said shield being of sufficient extent to prevent access of air to the inner portion of the spray cone where the spray 1s of such density as to deflectthe air current and substantially prevent the air from ente'rin air will be cause to stri e the portions of the spray cone which ofier less resistance to the air. 7 V

3. Inan apparatus for burningl. oil, the combination of an air chamber aving a the s ray, whereby the i spray opening through one wall thereof, 1 means for supplying air to said chamber, a

spray nozzle for spraying the oil in the 186 the same into said air chamber and outward through said spray opening, and a shield mounted to extend'about the'spray cone to prevent access of air to the innerzones of the spray vcone and to direct the air to an outer zone of'the spray cone between the end of the shield and said spray opening, said shield being of suflicient extent to prevent access of air to the inner portion of the spray cone where the spray is of such density as to deflect the air current and substantially prevent the air from entering the spray, whereby the air will be caused to strike the portions of the spray cone which ofier less resistance to the air, and means for adjusting said shield to vary the extent of the inner portion or zone of the spray from which the air is cutoff.

4. In anapparatus for burning oil, the combination with a spraying device for spraying the oil, and means for supplying air to-the oil spray, of means for direetin the air to the outer zones of the spray and for preventing access of the air to the inner, denser zones of the spray, whereby the air will be caused to strike the portions of the spray which offer less resistance to the air and Where a better mixture of the air and oil will take place, said means being adjustable to vary the extent of the inner portion or zoige of the spray from which the air is cut 0 5. In an apparatus for burnin oil, the

combination with a spray nozzle or spraying the oil, and means for supplying air to the oil spray,'of means to direct the air to. the outer portion of the spray and to prevent access of the air to-the inner portion of the spray where the spray is of such density as to deflect the air current and subzone of the stantially prevent the air from enterin the spray, said means comprising a' shiel formed to deflect the air to a portion of the spray beyond the shield and adjustable to vary the extent of the inner portion or spray from which the air is cutoif.-

'6. In an apparatus for burnin oil, the combination witha spray nozzle or spraying the oil in the formof a hollowcone,

and means for supplying air to the oil spray, of means for preventing access of the air to an inner zone of the spray and for directing the air to an outer zone of the spray including a shield. which is adjustable into and out of operating position to vary the extent of the inner portion or zone of the s ray from which the air is cut off.

L7, 11 an apparatus for burning oil, the

. adjustable means 7 supply, and means for directing such air to scribing witnesses.

combination with a. spra nozzle for spray-- ing the oil in the form 0 a hollow cone, and

ortion of the spray, and a said shield and formed to-defiect the air to a portion of the spray beyond it when in operative position and movable forward and backward to increase or decrease the extent of the inner. zone of the spray from which the air is cut off.

8. In an apparatus for burning oil, the combination with a spray nozzle for spraying the oil, and means for supplying air to the oil spray, of a plurality of concentric shields arranged about the nozzle and adjustable to cover more or less of the inner, denser portion of the spray against access of the air. Y

9. In an apparatus for burnin oil, the combination with a spra nozzle or spraying the oil in the form 0 a hollow cone, and

. means for supplying air tothe oil spray,

- the oil spray, of a plrality of concentric shields arranged about the nozzle and S110- cessively one outside of another and each movable independently of another into and out of position in which its forward edge is adjacent to the outer surface of the s ray.

11. In an apparatus for burning oi the combination with a spra nozzle for spraying the oil in the form 0 a hollow cone, and means for supplying air to the oil spray, of

or controlling the air the outer portion of the spray and for preportion or zone of the spra where the spray is of such densit as to eflect the air current, said last sai means being independently adjustable tovary the extent of the ilmer portion or zone ofthe spray from which the air is out ofi.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my vhand, in the presenceof two sub- ADALBERT rIscHEnl VWitnesses: T

THOMAS W. MURPHY,

, SIMON W. SNYDER.

venting access of the air to the inner denser 

